. Biophysical science. Biofisica. Microscopia a 544 /29 : 4 caso del microscopio a contrasto di fase, discusso nella sezione successiva, che è un po' meno limitata nella sua applicazione a campo scuro microscopio. 4. Microscopia Phase-Contrast il microscopio a contrasto di fase è un'altra variazione di ottica di base dei brillanti di microscopio di campo e che ha lo scopo di aumentare il contrasto di quasi trasparente di esemplari. Nel microscopio a contrasto di fase, il diaframma condensatore Lampada condensatore. La diffrazione f| Oggetto p^te immagine fascio deviato piano â > Undeviated sottofase di fascio condensatore obiettivo n.

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. Biophysical science. Biophysics. 544 Microscopy /29 : 4 case of the phase-contrast microscope, discussed in the next section, which is somewhat less limited in its application than the dark-field microscope. 4. Phase-Contrast Microscopy The phase-contrast microscope is another optical variation of the basic bright-field microscope, its purpose being to increase the contrast of almost transparent specimens. In the phase-contrast microscope, the Condenser Diaphragm Filament Lamp Condenser. Diffraction f| Object p^te Image Deviated Beam Plane â > Undeviated Beam Substage Condenser Objective Lens Eyepiece Figure 5. The phase-contrast microscope. Figures 5, 6, 7, and 8 are all after H. Osterberg, in Physical Techniques in Biological Research, Vol. 1, Optical Techniques, G. Oster and A. W. Pollister, eds. (New York: Academic Press, Inc., 1955). light beam incident on the specimen is of such a shape that, in the absence of a specimen, it would pass through the objective and all be concen- trated in a ring in the focal plane of the objective lens. This result is very similar to the diffraction pattern introduced in Section 2. If part of the specimen has an index of refraction slightly different from the surrounding medium, the light through it will pass through a different region in the focal plane of the objective. This is illustrated in Figure 5, where the light is called undeviated if it is transmitted as it would be in the absence of a specimen, or deviated if its direction is altered by the specimen. Because the deviated and undeviated beams are separate in the focal plane of the objective, it is possible to alter one and not the other at this point. Perhaps the simplest alternative to consider is to absorb the undeviated beam partially and change the phase of the deviated beam. This is accomplished by the diffraction plate illustrated in Figure 6. Just as the different diffraction orders of the grating were combined in Section 2 to form the final image, so in th

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• bookcentury1900
• bookcollectionbiodiversi
• booksubjectbiophysics