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Denis Papin (August 22, 1647 - 1712) was a French physicist, mathematician and inventor. He first visited London in 1675, and worked with Robert Boyle from 1676 to 1679, publishing an account of his work in Continuation of New Experiments (1680). During this period, Papin invented the steam digester, a type of pressure cooker with a safety valve. While in Marburg in 1690, having observed the mechanical power of atmospheric pressure on his digester, Papin built a model of a piston steam engine, the first of its kind. In 1704, he constructed a ship powered by his steam engine, mechanically linked to paddles. This made him the first to construct a steam-powered boat (or vehicle of any kind). In 1705 he developed a second steam engine with the help of Gottfried Leibniz, based on an invention by Thomas Savery, but this used steam pressure rather than atmospheric pressure. He returned to London in 1707 where several of his papers were put before the Royal Society between 1707 and 1712 without acknowledging or paying him. His ideas included a description of his 1690 atmospheric steam engine, similar to that built and put into use by Thomas Newcomen in 1712, thought to be the year of Papin's death. The last surviving evidence of his whereabouts came in a letter he wrote dated January 23, 1712. At the time he was destitute, and it is believed he died that year and was buried in an unmarked pauper's pit.
