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Gaius Julius Caesar (100-44 BC) was a Roman general and statesman. He played a critical role in the gradual transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire. In military campaigns to secure Roman rule over the province of Gaul (present day France) he gained much prestige. The Roman senate, fearing his power, ordered him to disband his army, but Caesar refused, crossed the Rubicon River, returned to Rome with his army, and made himself dictator. On a subsequent campaign in Asia, he reported to the senate, "I came, I saw, I conquered." Caesar was assassinated by his friend Brutus and others on the Ides of March in 44 BC. This bust in the British museum brings out Caesar's far-sighted and ruthless determination. He was deified after his death, thereby setting an imperial fashion which contributed so direly to the dispute between Rome and the Christians.
