La storia dell'Europa, antica e medioevale: prima l'uomo, l'Orient, Grecia e Roma . g pacifica e prospera, e servono a spiegare la darkperiod di duecento anni che seguirono il break-up ofCharlemagnes impero. Sappiamo come i mussulmani avevano preso possesso ofnorthern Africa e poi conquistata la Spagna e come Charles theHammer aveva frustrato il loro tentativo di aggiungere la Gallia a theirpossessions (§502). Ma questo rifiuto non ha avuto termine la loro attackson Europa meridionale. Hanno ottenuto il controllo dell'isola di Sicilyshortly Charlemagnes dopo la morte e poi ha cominciato a terrorizeItaly e la Francia meridionale. Anche R

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History of Europe, ancient and medieval: Earliest man, the Orient, Greece and Rome . g peaceful and prosperous, and serve to explain the darkperiod of two hundred years which followed the break-up ofCharlemagnes empire. We know how the Mohammedans had got possession ofnorthern Africa and then conquered Spain, and how Charles theHammer had frustrated their attempt to add Gaul to theirpossessions (§502). But this rebuff did not end their attackson southern Europe. They got control of the island of Sicilyshortly after Charlemagnes death and then began to terrorizeItaly and southern France. Even Rome itself suffered from them.The picture on page 342 shows how the people of Aries, in 342 History of Europe southern France, built their houses inside the old Roman amphi-theater in order to protect themselves from these Mohammedaninvaders. On the east the German rulers had constantly to contend withthe Slavs. Charlemagne had defeated them in his time, as men-tioned above, but they continued to make much trouble for twocenturies at least. Then there were also the Hungarians, a. Fig. 84. Amphitheater at Arles in the Middle Ages The great Roman amphitheater at Aries (built probably in the first or secondcentury) is about fifteen hundred feet in circumference. During the eighthcentury, when the Mohammedans were invading southern France, it was con-verted into a fortress. Many of the inhabitants settled inside its walls, andtowers were constructed, which still stand. The picture shows it before thedwellings were removed, about 1830 savage race from Asia, who ravaged Germany and northern Italyand whose wild horsemen penetrated even into the West Frankishkingdom. Finally they were driven back eastward and settledin the country now named after them—Hungary. 520. The Northmen. Tastly there came the Northmen, bold and adventurous pirates from the shores of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway. These skillful and daring seamen notonly attacked the towns on the coast of the West Frankish king-d

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• bookcentury1900
• bookdecade1920