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Marcus Mosiah Garvey, Jr. (August 17, 1887 - June 10, 1940) was a Jamaican publisher, journalist, entrepreneur, and orator who was a proponent of the Black Nationalism and Pan-Africanism movements, to which end he founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (UNIA-ACL). He founded the Black Star Line, part of the Back-to-Africa movement, which promoted the return of the African diaspora to their ancestral lands. Garvey was unique in advancing a Pan-African philosophy to inspire a global mass movement and economic empowerment focusing on Africa known as Garveyism. Promoted by the UNIA as a movement of African Redemption, Garveyism would eventually inspire others, ranging from the Nation of Islam to the Rastafari movement (which proclaims Garvey as a prophet). The intent of the movement was for those of African ancestry to ""redeem"" Africa and for the European colonial powers to leave it. He died in London in 1940, at age 52 after suffering two strokes. No photographer credited, undated.
